Consumer Decision Making Process

Consumer Decision Making Process

Menurut Kotler (2009), tidak semua konsumen akan melakukan proses ini, karena apabila konsumen sudah mempunyai sebuah merek yang biasa ia gunankan, maka beberapa langkah atau step ini akan hilang karena konsumen akan langsung melakukan pembelian produk.

Namun, apabila konsumen dihadapkan pada kebutuhan yang baru dan belum tahu akan menggunakan sebuah merek tertentu, maka langkah-langkah di bawah ini harus digunakan untuk membantu konsumen memudahkan dalam memutuskan merek yang akan dipakai.

1.    Problem recognition (Needs Recognition)

Langkah pertama untuk mengawali terjadinya sebuah pembuatan keputusan adalah karena adanya kondisi di mana terdapat perbedaan persepsi antara kondisi ideal yang ada di benak konsumen dengan kondisi aktual. Pada tahap ini akan muncul persoalan dari konsumen yang perlu diselesaikan.

2.    Pencarian informasi

Setelah langkah pertama, yaitu muncul suatu permasalahan untuk diselesaikan, maka langkah kedua adalah proses pencarian informasi. Pencarian informasi disini ialah untuk mengetahui beberapa pilihan yang tersedia sehingga diharapkan nantinya dapat menyelesaikan persoalan yang dihadapi. Pada tahap ini, proses pencarian informasi dapat muncul dari empat factor:

a.    Personal; informasi muncul dari keluarga, teman, sahabat, tetangga.
b.    Commercial: informasi muncul dari advertising, web sites, salespersons, dealers, display dan kemasan produk.
c.    Public: informasi muncul dari mass media, rating konsumen
d.    Experiential: informasi berdasarkan pengalaman penggunaan.

3.    Evaluasi alternatif

Setelah mendapatkan seluruh informasi yang dibutuhkan, maka tahap selanjutnya ialah melakukan evaluasi dan seleksi berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria yang dimiliki seseorang untuk menyeleksi pilihan-pilihan yang ada, sehingga dari pilihan-pilihan tersebut didapatkan sebuah pilihan yang paling sesuai dengan kriteria yang paling dibutuhkan oleh seseorang tersebut. Pilihan akhir tersebut bisa saja dihasilkan secara subyektif maupun obyektif.

4.    Keputusan pembelian

Proses pembuatan keputusan tidak berakhir sampai tahap evaluasi dan seleksi alternative pilihan. Hasil pilihan dari seleksi alternatif tersebut selanjutnya masih akan menghadapi tiga kemungkinan tindakan, pertama, dari siapa yang akan membeli atau dimana membeli produk tersebut, kedua kapan akan melakukan pembelian, dan yang ketiga tidak melakukan pembelian.

5.    Perilaku setelah pembelian

Apabila konsumen melakukan pembelian setelah proses pembuatan keputusan, maka tahap terakhir ialah konsumen akan membandingkan hasil yang didapatkan dengan yang ia harapkan dari sebuah produk atau jasa yang dikonsumsi. Hal ini akan mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen dan akan menjadi pengalaman yang akan selalu dibawa dan suatu saat akan digunakan sebagai sumber informasi dalam melakukan kegiatan pengambilan keputusan selanjutnya.

Apabila konsumen merasa puas, maka ia akan melakukan pembelian ulang, namun apabila tidak puas, maka ada dua kemungkinan yaitu, pertama, konsumen melakukan pembelian kembali dalam jumlah sedikit atau sangat jarang atau yang kedua, konsumen menghentikan pembelian kembali terhadap produk tersebut.

In the name of the Moon

Let's make lots of money!

High Way to A Resolution

Everyone, at some point in their lives, wake up in the middle of the night with the feeling that they are all alone in the world, and nobody loves them now and that nobody will ever love them, and that they will never have a decent nights sleep again and spend their lives wandering blearily around a loveless landscape.

Hoping desperately that their circumstances will improve, but suspecting in their heart of hearts, that they will remain unloved forever.

The best thing to do in these circumstances is to wake somebody else up, so that they can feel this way too.

Your Bass Speakers are AMAZING!

Dear Neighbor,

brittneyisbaked.tumblr.com

Your car's sound system is amazing. It is so loud and the bass is so rockin' that it actually shakes all of the apartment buildings in the complex. Awesome!

This is exceptionally rad when you pull up at 3:30 in the morning and wake up the entire community. Wicked awesome!

We are all very impressed with your super cool sound system. Don't even think about turning it down when you pull up to the buildings you share with hundreds of other people.

Your Envious Neighbors

Overly Dedicated - Breaking Bad Bed

I kill people in my mind

Now and then i think of all the times you screwed me over. But had me believing it was always something that i'd done.

I'm happy but sad, i want to die but i don't, i love you but i hate you, i'm tired but i'm not, i'm fine but not really, i can't talk to you but i can't not talk to you.

We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful what we pretend to be.

Rakyat Merdeka - The Political News Leader

In the era of global information, the media print is an effective communication tool and powerful in shaping opinion, the pattern of public perceptions, but also to make a learning tool. In a business context, the power of print media lies in its role as an instrument of development of the trademark or brand image commercial products.

Rakyat Merdeka newspaper has long been part of such power. Based on data from AC-Nielsen media survey in 2007, the Free People's Daily are empirically proven to have the largest reader base in the Greater Jakarta area, widespread and prevalent in cities in Indonesia business centers such as Padang, Palembang, Lampung, Bandung and other big cities .

Explorations include:

• The political situation inside and outside the country
• Political figures
• Government figures
• Business World and business leaders (including SOEs)
• Public or Citizens

Until now, Daily Merdeka People's recognized as the only newspaper top leader and trend-setter in the political news at home and abroad. Serving more complete with the PRO-BUSINESS pages, which discuss thoroughly twisted world of business. Rakyat Merdeka newspaper read each day by the President, Vice President, Head of the DPR/MPR as well as political figures and even the underprivileged in this country.

This is us, the People's Daily Independent. Take a look through our data that we attach an explanation. Lastly, good imaging and advertising partnership that will be more tightly interwoven all the time.

ICT as a Teaching and Learning Methods

Hall Student Center, UIN JKT Online - Entering the third millennium tektonologi information and communication technology (ICT) is now experiencing growth and progress very rapidly. These developments appear particularly in the use of different physical media such as audiovisual, videotape which developed into interactive video, satellite, and internet.

"The world became flat now a day. As if the world changes along with changes in human life, "said linguistics professor Dr Alek Tarbiyah Faculty of Science and Teaching (FITK) in an international seminar entitled" Utilization of Information Communication Technology "in Indonesian Language Learning Education Programs held Indonesian Language and Literature in the Hall Student Center Saturday (5 / 12). The seminar was attended by a number of elementary school teachers, junior and senior high schools in Greater Jakarta area.

Alek explains, learning at the schools and universities that are now beginning to use ICTs at least have a purpose such as giving clarity of the material, conveying information, complete the tasks using computer-assisted quickly and automatically, and supplementary learning resources.

"But keep in mind about the suitability, as well as the effectiveness, efficient, and still provide the correct information in teaching and learning activities," he said. Furthermore Alek said, the definition of learning technology as proposed Technology Information in Association of America (ITAA), Association of Educational Communication Technology (AECT), namely the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and learning resources.

"Theory is like covering the concept, construction, principles, and propositions that contribute to the torso of science," said Alek. While the practice, involving the application of science to overcome the problems faced. The same thing was also said Australia's Indonesian teachers Rebecca Battaglini. According to him, in Australia the students who learn to start using ICT. Rebecca Admittedly, learning to use ICT to facilitate students through the understanding material to students.

"By using ICT, also can be a trick to make the students not to be bored in the lessons we teach. So the material that we teach can understand, "said Rebecca teacher at Melrose High School, Canberra, Australia. Through ICT, continued Rebecca, students also can download the material that did not have. Also, all parents can find any kind of child development, the results were announced through ICT.

"Very many benefits when we as teachers, learning to use ICT. Knowing there is excess use of ICT as a means of power point, video, music, internet, and gaming, "said Rebecca who since seven years as a teaching Indonesian in Australia.

The most important element in achieving company goals

Labor is one important factor that must be considered by the company in order to achieve its objectives. Here sued the company's ability to manage resources in a planned, especially human resources as an executive power companies to generate power operational effectiveness and efficiency in all activities of the company. Thus the company not only to maintain profits, but also to maintain its existence in the business world.

Human Resource Management (HRM) is something that needs to be considered by the company. This is because humans are the most important element in achieving company goals. Company's success in achieving corporate objectives determined by the company in managing human resources is precisely one of them with a good training process.

The conduct of the training process is expected to produce human resources that have the potential to occupy various positions, positions and the right job in achieving company goals, due to various steps taken in the training process is basically one of the main tasks of the specialists who work in an organization that manages source human resources. It should be stressed that the training activities can not be based on human resource planning that must be met by people who want to work in an organization or company.

Besides the training of other things that need to be in a company is how the socialization of its employees into the corporate culture so that they can become productive and effective employee, immediately after entering and become a member of the social system in the company. The new employees are usually already have the skills and basic skills required. Not infrequently did the new employees have not received the full capability to carry out their job duties. Even the employees who have experienced any need to learn and adapt with the organization its people, the wisdom-wisdom and procedures.

If a company wants to have high competitiveness in the future, then one of the strategic effort that needs to be done is to create a continuous learning process at all levels of employees through training and development. There are two main objectives of training and staff development that is First, training and development undertaken to close the gap between the skills or the ability of employees with job demands. Second, these programs are expected to improve efficiency and effectiveness of employees in achieving work goals that have been determined.

"Training for employees is a process to teach knowledge and skills and attitudes for employees more skilled and able to carry out their responsibilities with the better, according to the standard. Training usually refers to the development of work skills that can be used immediately. While development is an effort to increase knowledge that may be used immediately or often for the sake of the future."

The term training and development refers to the total structure of programs inside and outside the work of employees who used company in developing the skills and knowledge, primarily for job performance.
According to Michael R. Carrel is translated by Tb. Sjafri Mangkuprawira argued that: "there are 7 (seven) main purpose of the training program and improve their performance, enhance employee skills, avoid obsolescence management, problem solving, new employee orientation, preparation and promotion of managerial success, and give satisfaction to the needs of personal development.

Therefore, after employees were selected and placed, the employee must be trained so that they can perform the task well and in the end training is useful to improve their productivity. Employee development through education and training benefits to both parties that employees and companies. Where the employee benefits are an increase in their ability or skill. While the overall benefits to increase company productivity. The problem of training a matter of considerable importance in improving labor productivity.

One was a company that is applying the ESQ Leadership training called Training of Trainers for employees who will become trainers ESQ. ToT is a required training for trainers ESQ to maintain continuity of quality training, update training materials standardization, improved marketing skills / independent training, and evaluation of target achievement. ToT aimed at keeping the 165 values ​​that have been embedded in the chest trainers and evaluate programs that have been implemented.

Based on the above explanation it can be said that training is needed by every employee who cultivate a particular field. Therefore, the writer is interested to lift the title "THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINING OF TRAINER (TOT) ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE TRAINER ESQ in ESQ LEADERSHIP"

Instructional Objectives in HRM

Instructional Objectives in HRM

Although it is not set forth in this post, Training and Development activities conducted by MS Pratama Indonesia has a clear purpose and have been communicated to the employees. You can see these:

• Employees have the knowledge of the company, product and production process as a whole things fine.
• Employees have knowledge of their duties and to carry out their duties properly (e.g. able to operate the equipment according to its function).
• Employees can make improvement to scrap that happens can be removed.


Trainee Readiness and Motivation
 
Trainee Readiness

For regular training, there's no analysis about the readiness of employees to trained, but for special training that require large costs (eg. overseas training) the companies select employees who have the best job performance to run the training.

Motivation

Employee do any sort of motivation to get the training to fix the problems that often arise in the company, this is illustrated by the number of employees who did not attend the training class. The case is especially so in the absence of regular training, with the average number of absences of 3% to 5%.

After doing extracting all information from the employees who missed the training, it is known that the reason they did not attend just because they have to pursue the production target, so they prefer not coming to the training compared to the expense of production targets to be achieved. For this problem the company as a policy making, involved the training employees, was released from the production target.


Principles of Learning

Goal Setting

In order to increase interest and motivation of the trainees, a trainer should be able to explain the purpose of holding this training or arranged for the trainees to determine the goals they want to achieve after participating in the training process. In this case, MS Pratama Indonesia ultimate objective of the holding of such training is to enhance the ability of employees in their respective working areas, this goal is also communicated to the employees at the beginning of training.

Meaningful of Presentation

To facilitate the trainees in receiving and understanding the material taught by the trainers, the trainers must be able to explain the material with an easily understandable explanation and also by examples that are familiar to trainees as well as to present a quite interesting presentation. In this case, MS Pratama Indonesia has given an interesting presentation materials, so that the materials provided will be easily accepted and understood by the trainees, but unfortunately the renewal period of training materials are not scheduled regularly so that when the training was repeated the following year has the potential to make the trainees become bored .

Modeling

A training material will be more easily understood by the participants if accompanied by practical training. In fact, the trainer who is on the MS Pratama practice or cite the material presented, followed by direct practice by employees, in accordance with taught by his coach during OJT. This is very useful for the trainees to be easy to comprehend and understand the material taught by the trainers.

Active Practice and Repetition

The employees of MS Pratama is expected to practice and always apply the outcomes obtained training materials into their work. In addition, the employer also provides an example later to supervise the subordinates (the participants) during OJT lasts.

Whole Versus Part Learning

In this case MS Pratama take part learning method in which the material will be taught are divided into several units which are taught in several stages of training so that participants would more easily understand the material taught by the trainers.

Tags : human resource, human resource management, human resources management, human resources

Indonesian Human Resource Management

Indonesian Human Resource Management

Training and Development

Undeniably, human resources (HR) is an important factor in a company, HR is the driving force companies to run and achieve its objectives. As good as any that have been designed in strategic plan in human resources management courses in vancouver all about, the successful execution of strategic plans in Jakarta, Indonesia are returned depends on how employees perform their duties, so in other words the success or failure of a company depends on the ability of human resources at their disposal.

Given the importance of human resources, companies should carefully plan any activities in human resource management (HRM), ranging from recruitment to payroll, including the planning of training and development (T & D) for employees.

In the era of globalization, what is happening today makes any kind of competition more stringent, in order to continue all competing companies must improve the capability and quality owned by its employees, one with T & D planning program is needed and in accordance with company objectives.

Based on the exposure above, it can be seen to that T & D has an important role to help companies improve corporate performance in order to compete. Error in T & D planning in the company will have an impact on the company's overall poor performance.


Tags : strategic human resources management, human resources management, international public management assn for human resources, it management human resources, human resources management courses in vancouver, define employee management in human resources, international human resources management